INFERTILITY
Infertility is a medical condition that refers to the inability of a person or couple to conceive a child or carry a pregnancy to full term after a year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It can affect both men and women and can be caused by various factors.
Causes of infertility in women may include:
- Ovulation disorders: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hormonal imbalances can disrupt the release of eggs from the ovaries.
- Fallopian tube damage or blockage: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes can prevent the sperm from reaching the egg or the fertilized egg from traveling to the uterus.
- Uterine or cervical abnormalities: Structural issues in the uterus or cervix, such as fibroids or cervical stenosis, can hinder the implantation of a fertilized egg.
- Endometriosis: This condition occurs when the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of it, affecting the function of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.
- Age-related factors: Fertility declines with age, especially after the age of 35, as a woman's egg supply and quality decrease.
Causes of infertility in men may include:
- Low sperm count or poor sperm quality: Issues with sperm production, motility, or morphology can reduce the chances of fertilization.
- Varicocele: A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, which can lead to decreased sperm quality.
- Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in hormones such as testosterone or problems with the production and release of reproductive hormones can affect male fertility.
- Testicular disorders: Certain conditions, such as undescended testicles, testicular cancer, or testicular injury, can impact fertility.
- Genetic factors: In some cases, genetic abnormalities can cause infertility in men.
It's important to note that infertility can be a complex issue, and in many cases, the cause may not be easily identified. Seeking medical advice from a healthcare professional specializing in reproductive health, such as a reproductive endocrinologist or fertility specialist, is recommended for diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.